Analysis of the optimal foraging theory for Sciurus carolinensis in an urban vs. suburban environment

The foraging behavior of Eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) on the University of Maryland campus was compared to the Tivoli neighborhood in the Wheaton-Glendale area of Maryland. Three different sizes of banana slices were presented to squirrels to determine if individuals exhibited a selection preference. Results were compared to the optimal foraging model. The peak activity time of squirrels (dawn versus dusk) was compared for each study area to analyze whether the campus population was more human-habituated and less vigilant than the off campus population, and therefore displaying atypical foraging behavior. Our hypothesis stated that squirrels will preferentially choose three inch banana slices because it follows the optimal foraging model. In addition, squirrels will be more active on campus at dusk and off campus at dawn due to differences in environment and human presence. The chi-square goodness of fit test calculated selection preference of banana slices (x=5.7, xcrit=5.99, df=2, p=0.05). A two-way ANOVA test was used to determine differences in activity for on versus off campus and dawn versus dusk (F=3.101, 0.899, df=1, Fcrit=4.494, p=0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that there was no significant difference for selection of banana slices or for the activity at different locations and times.